@article{Chesley:2019fv,
title = {Crustal Cracks and Frozen Flow in Oceanic Lithosphere Inferred From Electrical Anisotropy},
author = {Christine Chesley and Kerry Key and Steven Constable and James Behrens and Lucy MacGregor},
url = {http://emlab.ldeo.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Chesley_et_al-2019-Geochemistry_Geophysics_Geosystems.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-01},
journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
volume = {20},
number = {138},
pages = {21},
abstract = {Geophysical observations of anisotropy in oceanic lithosphere offer insight into the formation and evolution of tectonic plates. Seismic anisotropy is well studied but electrical anisotropy remains poorly understood, especially in the crust and uppermost mantle. Here we characterize electrical anisotropy in 33 Ma Pacific lithosphere using controlled‐source electromagnetic data that are highly sensitive to lithospheric azimuthal anisotropy. Our data reveal that the crust is ∼18–36 times more conductive in the paleo mid‐ocean ridge direction than the perpendicular paleo‐spreading direction, while in the uppermost mantle conductivity is ∼29 times higher in the paleo‐spreading direction. We propose that the crustal anisotropy results from subvertical porosity created by ridge‐parallel normal faulting during extension of the young crust and thermal stress‐driven cracking from cooling of mature crust. The magnitude of uppermost mantle anisotropy is consistent with recent experimental results showing strong electrical anisotropy in sheared olivine, suggesting its paleo‐spreading orientation results from sub‐Moho mantle shearing during plate formation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Chesley:2012fv,
title = {The 1707 Mw 8.7 Hoei earthquake triggered the largest historical eruption of Mt. Fuji},
author = {Christine Chesley and Peter C. LaFemina and Christine Puskas and Daisuke Kobayashi},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053868},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-12-22},
journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
volume = {39},
number = {24},
pages = {5},
abstract = {[1] Studies in magma‐tectonics point to a spatiotemporal correlation between earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Here, we examine the correlation between two great Japanese earthquakes, the 1703 Mw 8.2 Genroku and 1707 Mw 8.7 Hoei, and Mt. Fuji's explosive (VEI 5) Hoei eruption, 49 days after the 1707 earthquake. We model the static stress changes and dilatational strain imparted on the Mt. Fuji magmatic system due to each earthquake to determine if these mechanisms enhanced the potential for eruption. Our results show that both earthquakes clamped the dike from 8 km to the surface and compressed magma chambers at 8 km and 20 km depths. The 1707 earthquake decreased the normal stress on the dike at 20 km, the proposed depth of a basaltic magma chamber, by 1.06 bars (0.106 MPa). We hypothesize that the stress change and strain generated by the 1707 earthquake triggered the eruption of Mt. Fuji by permitting opening of the dike and ascent of basaltic magma from 20 km into andesitic and dacitic magma chambers located at 8 km depth. The injection of basaltic magma into the more evolved magmatic system induced magma mixing and a Plinian eruption ensued.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}